The range of sounds used in music go beyond the Treble Clef and Bass Clef staffs. Notes that are outside the range of a staff are put on, or in between, short lines above or below the staff. These short lines are called leger lines (also spelled ledger lines).
However, to avoid many ledger lines, the sign 8 or 8va (= ottava, Italian for ‘octave’) can be used indicating that they are to be played an octave higher or lower. It is placed by the first note to which it refers and is followed by a continuous line (or a dotted line), with _______ or _____ at the end to show where the ottava direction finishes
Home music tips More Ledger lines
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